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Hydrogen production for energy: An overview |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Clean Energy Research Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario, L1H 7K4, Canada;2. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Y?ld?z Mh., 34349 Be?ikta?, ?stanbul, Turkey;3. Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Ç?ra?an Caddesi No: 4 – 6, 34353, Be?ikta?, Istanbul, Turkey;1. Energy Efficiency Group, Institute for Environmental Sciences and Fore Institute, University of Geneva, Boulevard Carl-Vogt 66, 1205 Genève, Switzerland;2. Abengoa Innovation, Campus Palmas Altas, C/ Energía Solar, 1, 41014 Sevilla, Spain;3. Thermal Engineering Group, Energy Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;1. Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt;2. Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Yildirim Beyazit University, Kecioren, 06220 Etlik, Ankara, Turkey;3. Faculty of Engineering, Karabuk University, Demircelik Kampusu, 78050, Karabuk, Turkey;1. Faculty of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, 26600, Pekan Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia;2. Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia |
| Abstract: | Power to hydrogen is a promising solution for storing variable Renewable Energy (RE) to achieve a 100% renewable and sustainable hydrogen economy. The hydrogen-based energy system (energy to hydrogen to energy) comprises four main stages; production, storage, safety and utilisation. The hydrogen-based energy system is presented as four corners (stages) of a square shaped integrated whole to demonstrate the interconnection and interdependency of these main stages. The hydrogen production pathway and specific technology selection are dependent on the type of energy and feedstock available as well as the end-use purity required. Hence, purification technologies are included in the production pathways for system integration, energy storage, utilisation or RE export. Hydrogen production pathways and associated technologies are reviewed in this paper for their interconnection and interdependence on the other corners of the hydrogen square.Despite hydrogen being zero-carbon-emission energy at the end-use point, it depends on the cleanness of the production pathway and the energy used to produce it. Thus, the guarantee of hydrogen origin is essential to consider hydrogen as clean energy. An innovative model is introduced as a hydrogen cleanness index coding for further investigation and development. |
| Keywords: | Hydrogen square Hydrogen production Hydrogen economy Hydrogen cleanness index RE"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0035"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Renewable Energy HydESS"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0045"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Hydrogen-based Energy Storage Systems HydS"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0055"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Hydrogen Square model LCA"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0065"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Life Cycle Assessment H2X"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0075"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Hydrogen to X CCS"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0085"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Carbon Capture and Storage HPP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0095"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Hydrogen Production Pathway Capex and Opex"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0105"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Capital cost and Operating cost HCI"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0115"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Hydrogen Cleanness Index |
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