复杂环境下洞库爆破开挖安全技术

为保证爆区周围建(构)筑物及其存放危险品的安全,需要对地下工程爆破开挖产生的有害效应进行控制。以兰州附近山沟内某洞库爆破开挖工程为研究对象,分析了该工程的特点及难点,从改进爆破技术和优化防护措施两个方面研究了洞库爆破开挖安全技术。通过采用短进尺、弱爆破的预裂爆破技术,不耦合装药的爆破方式,非电导爆管闭合串联的起爆网路形式,有效控制了爆破振动、爆破飞石和空气冲击波等有害效应。采用两种不同的进尺方案,安全经济,效果显著。根据爆破振动实测结果,及时调整爆破参数,完善安全控制措施,控制指标均在允许的安全标准以内。爆破效果表明,研究提出的爆破开挖安全技术能够满足控制有害效应,确保施工安全的要求,可为类似地下工程爆破施工提供借鉴。

Safety technology of cavern blasting excavation in complex environment

To ensure the safety of the buildings(structures)and in which dangerous goods stored around the explosion area,it is necessary to control the harmful effects of underground engineering blasting excavation.Taking the blasting excavation project of a cavern project in the ravine near Lanzhou as the research object,the characteristics and difficulties of the project were analyzed.The safety technology of blasting excavation of the cavern engineering was studied from two aspects:improving blasting technology and optimizing protective measures.Through the use of short-stroke,weak blasting pre-splitting blasting technology,uncoupling charge blasting method,non-conducting squib closed series of detonation network,the harmful effects such as blasting vibration,blasting flying rock and air shock wave were effectively controlled.With two different footage scheme,the blasting excavation is safe and economical with remarkable results.According to the actual measurement results of blasting vibration,the blasting parameters were adjusted in time,and the safety control measures were improved.The control indicators were all within the allowed safety standards.The blasting effect indicates that the blasting excavation safety technology proposed by the research can meet the requirements of controlling harmful effects and ensuring construction safety,and can provide reference for similar underground engineering blasting construction.