医用防护服的构效特点及其研发趋势

为深入了解医用防护服的研究现状,从医学需求出发,分析了经“三拒一抗”功能整理的纺粘-熔喷-纺粘(SMS)复合材料防护服、微孔薄膜/非织造布复合材料防护服、闪蒸法非织造布防护服以及正压生物防护服的使用场合、设计制备技术、结构功效特点以及防护机制。研究认为:SMS复合材料的舒适性较好,微孔薄膜/非织造布复合材料的防护性较好,而闪蒸法材料的综合性能优异,在舒适性和防护性之间达到了理想的平衡状态;医用防护服关键制备技术在于高性能聚四氟乙烯膜的规模化生产以及闪蒸工艺国产化技术的突破,同时,纳米技术可为新型材料的研制提供新的思路;正压生物防护服未来的发展方向为功能通用化、监控自动化和使用信息化。

Structure and functions of medical protective clothing and trend for research and development

In order to understand the research status of medical protective clothing in depth, aiming at the medical needs, this research analyzed four types of protective clothing, i.e., the "three-rejection and one-resistance" finished spunbond-meltblown-spunbond (SMS) composite protective clothing, microporous film/nonwoven composite protective clothing, flash distillation nonwoven protective clothing, and positive pressure biological protective clothing, from the aspects of the occasions of use, design and preparation technology, structural efficiency characteristics and protective mechanism of composite material protective clothing. The study reveals that the SMS composite materials have better comfort, the microporous film/nonwoven composite materials offer better protection, while the flash vaporization materials demonstrate excellent comprehensive performance and achieve an ideal balance between comfort and protection. The key to achieve effective medical protective clothing is making breakthrough in the preparation technology which lies in the large-scale production of high-performance polytetrafluoroethy-lene membranes and the localization of the flash evaporation process. At the same time, nanotechnology can provide new ideas for the development of new materials. The future development direction of positive pressure biological protective clothing is the generalization of functions, monitoring automation and informatization.