Al2O3与两种热塑性树脂协同改性双马来酰亚胺基复合材料微观结构与性能

以3,3’-二烯丙基双酚A(BBA)、双酚A双烯丙基醚(BBE)为活性稀释剂、4,4’-二氨基二苯甲烷双马来酰亚胺(MBMI)为反应单体合成聚合物基体(MBAE)，以两种热塑性树脂(聚醚砜(PES)和磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK))为增韧剂、以溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-Gel)制备的纳米Al₂O₃为改性剂，制备了Al₂O₃-PES-SPEEK/MBAE复合材料，并采用FTIR、SEM、冲击强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和热失重测试的方法研究复合材料的微观形貌、力学性能和耐热性。结果表明:SPEEK中存在磺酸基团，微观结构更松散，磺化度约为41.3%；Al₂O₃为纳米级短纤维状晶体，表面含有活性羟基。Al₂O₃-PES-SPEEK/MBAE复合材料的微观形貌表明:适量的PES、SPEEK和Al₂O₃在基体树脂中分散均匀，断面形貌呈鱼鳞状，断裂纹不规则且发散，断裂方式为韧性断裂。力学性能测试结果显示，当PES、SPEEK及Al₂O₃质量分数分别为3 wt%、2 wt%和3 wt%时，Al₂O₃-PES-SPEEK/MBAE复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量和冲击强度为172.9 MPa、4.7 GPa和21.4 kJ/m2，分别比基体树脂提高了73.1%、74.1%和125.3%，并且Al₂O₃-PES-SPEEK/MBAE复合材料的热分解温度为453.5℃，比基体树脂提高了15.4℃，Al₂O₃-PES-SPEEK/MBAE复合材料的力学性能和耐热性有较大提高。 

Microstructures and properties of bismaleimide matrix composites modified by Al2O3 and two kinds of thermal plastic resin

The Al₂O₃-PES-SPEEK/MBAE composites were prepared by using 3,3'-diallyl bisphenol A(BBA) and bisphenol A diallyl ether(BBE) as the reactive diluent, which reacted with 4,4'- diamino diphenyl methane bismaleimide (MBMI) to synthesize MBAE matrix resin, two thermal plastic resins (polyether sulfone(PES) and sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK)) as the reinforcements, and nano Al₂O₃ prepared by Sol-Gel method as the modifier. The microstructure, mechanical properties and heat resistance of the composites were investigated by FTIR, SEM, impact strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus and thermogravimetric testing. The results reveal that there are sulfonic acid groups in SPEEK, the microstructure is more loose, and the degree of sulfonation is about 41.3%. Al₂O₃ is a nano-sized short-fibrous crystal with hydroxyl groups on its surface. The micromorphology of Al₂O₃-PES-SPEEK/MBAE composites shows that the proper amount of PES, SPEEK and Al₂O₃ are uniformly dispersed in the matrix resin, which improves the fracture surface morphology of the composite, the shape of the section is fish scale, the fracture cracks are irregular and divergent, and the composites are ductile fracture. The mechanical properties indicate that the flexural strength, flexural modulus and impact strength of the Al₂O₃-PES-SPEEK/MBAE composite are the best 172.9 MPa, 4.7 GPa and 21.4 kJ/m2, which is 73.1%, 74.1% and 125.3% higher than the matrix resin, respectively. When the mass fractions of PES, SPEEK and Al₂O₃ are 3 wt%, 2 wt% and 3 wt%, the thermal decomposition temperature of the Al₂O₃-PES-SPEEK/MBAE composite is 453.5℃, which is 15.4℃ higher than that of the matrix resin, and the mechanical properties and heat-resistance properties of the Al₂O₃-PES-SPEEK/MBAE composite are significantly improved.