磷酸改性芳纶对聚氨酯硬质泡沫阻燃抑烟性能的影响

为提高聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能,采用磷酸改性芳纶对聚氨酯硬质泡沫进行阻燃改性,借助氧指数仪、烟密度仪、锥形量热仪、热重分析仪等对改性前后聚氨酯硬质泡沫的阻燃性能、产烟行为、燃烧行为、热稳定性和力学性能进行表征。结果表明:添加改性芳纶的聚氨酯泡沫具有更好的阻燃、抑烟和力学性能;相对于纯聚氨酯泡沫,添加质量分数为5%改性芳纶的聚氨酯泡沫的极限氧指数提高了15.8%,最大烟密度、最大燃烧热释放速率、热释放量、最大生烟速率、产烟量分别降低了25%、25.3%、10%、35.7%、47.3%;改性芳纶的添加有利于改善聚氨酯硬质泡沫的热稳定性,使其在700 ℃时的残炭率增加为14.5%。

Modification of aramid fiber with phosphorus acid and its effect on flammability and smoke suppression for rigid polyurethane foams

In order to improve the flame retardant properties of polyurethane foams, aramid fiber (AF) modified by phosphoric acid was added to the rigid polyurethane foams. Oxygen index, smoke density meter, cone calorimeter, and thermogravimetric analyzer were used to characterize the flame retardancy, fire behavior, thermal stability and mechanical properties of the rigid polyurethane foams and flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams. The results show that the polyurethane foams containing modified AF (MAF) have better flame retardant, smoke suppression and mechanical properties than the polyurethane foams containing AF. Compared with the pure polyurethane foams, the LOI for the polyurethane foams containing 5% content of MAF is enhanced by 15.8%, max smoke density, peak heat release rate, total heat release, peak smoke production rate and total smoke production release values are decreased by 25%, 25.3%, 10%, 35.7%, 47.3% respectively. MAF can improve the thermal stability of the polyurethane foams, and the residual mass at 700 ℃ is 14.5%, which is more than that of pure polyurethane foam.