聚乙烯醇-乙烯共聚物纳米纤维增强聚丙烯微米纤维复合空气过滤材料的结构与性能

为提高常规纤维基空气过滤材料的过滤性能,采用熔融共混相分离法制备得到聚乙烯醇-乙烯共聚物(PVA-co-PE)纳米纤维并制成悬浮乳液,将聚丙烯(PP)针刺基材浸渍到悬浮乳液中进行冷冻干燥处理,得到PVA-co-PE纳米纤维增强PP微米纤维骨架复合空气过滤材料。借助傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、静电电位计、孔径分析仪及滤料综合测试台对过滤材料的结构及性能进行表征。结果表明:当纳米纤维的面密度为9.34 g/m²时,复合空气过滤材料对尺寸为0.3 μm的NaCl气溶胶粒子的过滤效率为99.936%,阻力压降为81 Pa,品质因数为0.091 9 Pa^-1,且复合过滤材料的拉伸强度及拉伸模量相比PP针刺基材均增加50%。

Structure and property of poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) nanofiber/polypropylene microfiber scaffold: a composite air filter with high filtration performance

To enhance the filtration performance of fiber based air filtration materials, poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) (PVA-co-PE) nanofibers were prepared using the melt-blend-phase-separation method. The composite filter was obtained by immersing the polypropylene (PP) needle-punched nonwoven fabric into the aqueous phase-based PVA-co-PE nanofibers and freeze-dring them. The composite filters were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscope, electrostatic voltmeter, capillary flow poromete and filter tester. After the filtration test of NaCl nano-aerosol with the size of 0.3 μm, a best filtration performance was obtained with quality factor of 0.091 9 Pa^-1, filtration efficiency of 99.936% and pressure drop of 81 Pa when basic density of nanofiber is 9.34 g/m². The tensile strength and modulus of this composite filter both show about 1.5 times higher than that of PP needle-punched nonwoven fabric.