我国电子显微镜的研制与生产

本文记述了我国研制与生产的各种电子显微镜，主要是透射电子显微镜，扫描电子显微镜和电子探针X射线微区分析仪。1958－1959年中国科学院长春光学精密机械研究所制成了我国第一台电子显微镜，又率先自行设计研制完成100kV大型电子显微镜。根据1996－1997年国家科委组织的一项调查，当时我国拥有2021台电子显微镜，包括透射电子显微镜756台，扫描电子显微镜1165台，合计1921台。其中，进口915台，占47．6％；我国生产了100台，占52．4％，但大多为中、低档产品。中国科学院北京科学仪器研制中心KYKY，上海电子光学技术研究所和南京光学仪器厂生产的占国产1006台中的95％以上。云南大学，北京仪器厂，上海第三分析仪器厂和国营4503厂也分别研制或生产了几种透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜。

Development and production of electron microscopes in China--A historical survey

This article describes the development and production of various electron microscopes in China, in particular the transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and electron probe X ray microanalyzer. The first two domestic prototype electron microscopes were constructed in 1958～1959 in the Changchun Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. According toa survey in 1996～1997, the number of electron microscopes in China had increased to 2021, including 756 transmission electron microscopes (TEM) and 1,165 scanning electron microscopes (SEM). Of the total 1,921 TEMs and SEMs, 1006 were domestically produced (mostly medium and low grade electron microscopes), while the rest were imported. Beijing Scientific Instrument R & D Center (KYKY), Shanghai Electron Optical Technology Research Institute and Jiangnan Optical Instrument Plant produced over 95% of these domestic electron microscopes. Yunnan Universid the State run 4503 Factory produced several models of electron microscopes as well.