我国高坝泄洪消能新技术的研究和创新

60年来,特别是改革开放30多年来,我国的水利水电建设事业得到飞速发展,建成和在建一大批具有世界级水平的大型水利枢纽,为了满足工程建设的迫切需要,向设计提供技术先进、安全可靠的泄洪消能方案,促使我国在高水头大流量泄洪消能技术和高速水流的研究方面达到世界领先水平。本文重点评述我国在高水头、大流量泄水建筑物泄洪消能方面所取得的一些重要研究成果,包括宽尾墩联合消能工、窄缝挑坎消能工、高拱坝水垫塘消能、内消能工和高水头泄洪隧洞掺气减蚀等若干新的研究成果。

New technology and innovation on flood discharge and energy dissipation of high dams in China

The waterpower construction in China has being got rapid development during the recent 60 years, especially in the 30 years after the reform and opening-up, many world-class giant water conservan-cy projects are constructed or under construction. To meet the urgent need of the project construction with advanced and safe flood discharge and energy dissipation scheme, the study of high speed flow and flood discharge and energy dissipation with high head and large discharge flowrate have reached the world lead-ing level. Several important research results on flood discharge and energy dissipation with high head and large flood discharge are introduced in the paper, which include combined dissipater with flaring pier, slit-type bucket dissipater, inner dissipater, air entrainment and cavitation alleviation in high head spillway tunnels, and energy dissipation in plunge pool with high head arch dam.