稀缺资料流域水文计算若干研究:以青藏高原为例

稀缺资料流域水文计算是长期困扰国际水文学界的难题之一,其根本难点在于降雨径流过程的复杂性、流域下垫面与气象要素的时空变异性以及人类对流域水循环规律认知水平的局限性。本文从稀缺资料流域的类型、缺乏降水和径流观测数据的水文计算研究等方面综述了稀缺资料流域水文计算的研究进展。以我国水文气象资料最为稀缺的青藏高原为例,结合水文综合模拟系统(Hydro-Informatic Modeling System,HIMS)在水情预报中的应用,阐述了稀缺资料流域的水文计算方法,包括卫星遥感降水产品的水文模拟能力评估、基于日平均径流数据推求瞬时洪峰流量、洪水调查数据的区域综合和水文模型参数移植等研究,展示了稀缺资料流域水文计算的相关研究进展。

Study on prediction of ungaged basins: A case study on the Tibetan Plateau

Simulation of hydrological processes in ungauged basins is one of the challenges for hydrologists because of the complexity of the rainfall-runoff process, spatial and temporal homogeneity of basin underly-ing surface and meteorological variables and the limited knowledge of hydrologists to the regulations of wa-ter cycle. In this paper, we review the studies on hydrological simulations in ungauged basins. First, the types of ungauged basins are classified; then, hydrological simulations under the situation of lack of rain-fall and runoff observations are summarized. Finally, we focus on the hydrological simulations on the Tibet-an Plateau, which is one of the most typical ungauged basins worldwide. Using the HIMS hydrologic model-ing system, simulation capabilities of satellite products, instantaneous peak flow estimated based on daily streamflow, flood survey and parameter regionalization of hydrological models are investigated over the Tibet-an Plateau. These studies illustrate the research advance of Predictions in Ungauged Basins(PUB).