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Carbon-Based Materials in Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapies Applied to Tumor Destruction
Authors:Karina J. Lagos,Hilde H. Buzzá  ,Vanderlei S. Bagnato,Marí  a Paulina Romero
Affiliation:1.Department of Materials, Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN), Quito 170525, Ecuador;2.Institute of Physics, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;3.São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil;
Abstract:Within phototherapy, a grand challenge in clinical cancer treatments is to develop a simple, cost-effective, and biocompatible approach to treat this disease using ultra-low doses of light. Carbon-based materials (CBM), such as graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO (r-GO), graphene quantum dots (GQDs), and carbon dots (C-DOTs), are rapidly emerging as a new class of therapeutic materials against cancer. This review summarizes the progress made in recent years regarding the applications of CBM in photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal (PTT) therapies for tumor destruction. The current understanding of the performance of modified CBM, hybrids and composites, is also addressed. This approach seeks to achieve an enhanced antitumor action by improving and modulating the properties of CBM to treat various types of cancer. Metal oxides, organic molecules, biopolymers, therapeutic drugs, among others, have been combined with CBM to treat cancer by PDT, PTT, or synergistic therapies.
Keywords:phototherapy   cancer   graphene oxide   reduced graphene oxide   graphene quantum dots   carbon dots
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