新型陶瓷刀具的发展与应用

回顾了陶瓷刀具的发展简况及其意义,重点介绍了Si3N4基和TiCN基复合陶瓷刀具的研制、性能和应用.复合Si3N4陶瓷刀具有较高的耐磨性和抗冲击性,特别适合于各类铸铁件的粗精加工,也能进行铣削、刨削等冲击力很大的加工,其切削效率可提高3～10倍;复合TiCN金属陶瓷刀具具有很高的硬度和耐磨性,特别适合于各类高硬高强钢(如淬硬钢等)的加工,可对高硬材料实现"以车代磨"干切削,免除退火工艺和冷却液,大幅度提高生产效率.新型复合陶瓷刀具已经在我国冶金、水泵、矿山机械、轴承、滚珠丝杠、汽车、军工等十几个行业得到应用.

Development and applications of new types of ceramic cutting tools

The advance and meanings of ceramic cutting tools were reviewed. The emphasis was paid on the development, performances and applications of Si_3N_4-based and TiCN-based composite ceramic cutting tools. The composite Si_3N_4-based ceramic cutting tools possess rather high wear-resistance and excellent impact-resistance properties, being fit for rough and finish machining of various cast iron workpieces, including milling and planning of large impact force. The cutting efficiency could be enhanced by 310 times, compared with the cemented carbide tools. The composite TiCN-based cermet cutting tools possess high hardness and wear-resistance, having an excellent performance on machining of diversified steels, for instance hardened steels, of high hardness and strength. When these tools are used in dried machining of high hardness workpieces, a machining process without annealing and coolants can be used rather than a grinding one, so the efficiency is dramatically improved. Up to now, the new types of composite ceramic cutting tools have been applied in China on a variety of industries, including metallurgy, pump, mining-machinery plant, mechanical bearing, ball screw, motor vehicle, etc.