高压水射流除锈装置及试验研究

高压水射流除锈与切割应用关键要解决灵敏调控、执行机构设计、安全、运行可靠等问题,实现商品化.笔者从船舶除锈和岩石切割两大用途出发,研制了70MPa、2m~3/h、55kW高压水射流成套装置.本装置集高压泵、阀、密封和水射流技术为一体,由往复泵、安全阀、调压阀、截止阀、控制阀、喷枪、旋转喷头、磨料射流系统和绞盘等组成.经船厂对A、B、C、D四级锈蚀钢板除锈和上船除锈,除锈质量符合ISO8501-1:1988标准中Sa2.5级需求,除锈速度0.8m~2/min,效率高,无粉尘污染,完全满足船舶工业需求.同时以100MPa以内不同压力对石灰岩、混凝土进行切割试验表明该装置的切割功能具备了应用的条件.本文从设计和试验两方面论述了装置参数优化与型式特点、各参量与除锈、切割的关系,进而分析磨料射流除锈新工艺替代喷砂除锈工艺的必然趋势.

Equipment and Test Research of High Pressure Water Jet for Rust Removal

The key problems for the application of high pressure water jet in rust removal and cutting are the easy adjustment and control of high pressure water, the design of the executive mechanism and safe and reliable operation of the equipment. From the two uses of ship rust removal and stone cutting, the authors designed and manufactured a complete set of high pressure water jet equipment with 70MPa pressure, 3 m3/h capacity and 55kW motor power. The equipment integrates technologies of high pressure pump, valve and seal, and water jet, it is composed of reciprocating pump, safety valve, pressure regulating valve, check valve, control valve, jet gun, rotary jet head, abrasive jet system and capstan, etc. Tests of rust removal on class A,B,C,D rusty steel plates and the shiphull demonstrates that the surface quality after rust removal is in accordance with Sa2. 5 of ISO 8501-1; 1988, while speed reaches 0. 8 m2/min, and has no pollution, so it completely meets the needs of ship repairing. At the same time, test of cutting lime stone and concrete under 100MPa pressure also show that the equipment possesses the condition of cutting application. The paper discusses the parameter optimization and the model feature of the equipment, the relation between the performance parameters and the speed of rust removal and cutting, further analyses the certain tendency that high pressure abrasive jet takes the place of sand blast for rust removal.