基于交通因素的日常生活圈环境健康出行 适老化研究——以南京市中心城区为例

15min生活圈能够提升老年人群健康安全的生活质量。老年人群与城市绿地的连接既依赖道路体系,又面临空气污染隐患。基于大数据与ArcGIS平台,从绿地可达性视角展开对南京市中心城区“绿-居-人”体系的空间分布研究。从健康出行视角综合判断绿地规划、可达便利与老年人群的呼吸健康。研究发现如下。1)老城区中50岁及以上的人口占比(4.23%)高于新城区(2.86%),1997年及之前的老旧小区面积占比高达64%。2)老城区有67%的居住区在绿地15min步行范围内,是新城区的2倍多。以老城区为中心向外辐射,绿地对老年人群的服务效能逐级降低。3)老城区绿地受到的道路空气污染压力约为新城区的2倍。可达性高的绿地,所受道路污染源影响也更大。主干道对绿地空气污染压力的源头供给占40%,对绿地可达性的支持达33%。提倡为老年人群出行构建健康绿色路网,满足绿地15min可达和低空气污染。研究成果对城市更新中统筹绿地、路网、居住区布局,优化生活圈适老化环境具有一定借鉴价值。

Study on Aging Suitability for Healthy Travel in Daily Life Unit Based on Traffic Factors: A Case Study of the Central Urban Area of Nanjing

The 15-minute life unit can improve the healthy and safe quality of life of the elderly. The connection between the elderly and green spaces not only depends on the road system, but also faces the hidden danger of air pollution. Based on big data and ArcGIS platform, from the perspective of green space accessibility, this paper studies the spatial distribution of "green-residence-human" system in the central urban area of Nanjing. From the perspective of health travel, green space planning, accessibility and respiratory health of elderly were judged. The study found that: 1) The proportion of the population aged 50 and above in the old urban area (4.23%) was higher than that in the new urban area (2.86%), and the proportion of the old residential area in 1997 and before was as high as 64%. 2) 67% of residence in the old urban area were within a 15-minute walk of green space, more than twice as many as in the new urban area. Taking the old city as the center and radiating outwards, the service efficiency of green space for the elderly decreased step by step. 3) The road air pollution pressure of green spaces in old urban area was about twice that of new urban area. Green spaces with higher accessibility were also more affected by road pollution. Main roads contributed 40% to the air pollution pressure and 33% to the accessibility of green spaces. It is advocated to build a healthy green road network for the elderly, which can meet the 15-minute distance between the elderly and green space with low air pollution. The research results have certain reference value for coordinating the layout of green space, road network and residence in urban renewal, and optimizing the suitable living unit for aging environment.