Nodes of the Gap Function and Anomalies in Thermodynamic Properties of the B-Phase of Superfluid 3He |
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Authors: | M. V. Zverev V. A. Khodel J. W. Clark |
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Affiliation: | (1) Russian Research Centre Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, 123182, Russia;(2) McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences and Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA |
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Abstract: | Departures of thermodynamic properties of the B-phase of three-dimensional superfluid 3He from the predictions of BCS theory are analyzed. Attention is focused on deviations of the ratios and from their BCS values, where is the pairing gap at zero temperature, Tc is the critical temperature, and Cs and Cn are the superfluid and normal specific heats. We attribute these deviations to the momentum dependence of the gap function , which becomes well pronounced when this function has a pair of nodes lying on either side of the Fermi surface. We demonstrate that such a situation arises if the P-wave pairing interaction, evaluated at the Fermi surface, has a sign opposite to that anticipated in BCS theory. Taking account of the momentum structure of the gap function, we derive a closed relation between the two ratios that contains no adjustable parameters and agrees with the experimental data. Some important features of the effective pairing interaction are inferred from the analysis. |
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Keywords: | Superfluid helium anomalous behavior thermodynamic properties specific heat gap function momentum dependence nodes pairing interaction |
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