2017年广东省示范超市蔬菜中农药残留调查及风险评估

目的 了解广东省示范超市中精品专柜在售蔬菜的质量安全状况。方法 2017年12月对广东省21个地级市的57家申请创建“放心肉菜示范超市”的超市中随机抽取蔬菜样品68批次, 采用国家标准方法检测蔬菜中的20种农药残留的含量, 根据GB 2763-2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中农药最大残留限量》规定的限量值进行判定, 计算检出和超标情况, 运用%ADI进行农药残留慢性膳食摄入的风险评估。结果 示范超市蔬菜中农药残留的检出率为41.18%, 其中1批次样品检出农药毒死蜱超标, 合格率为98.53%。百菌清、硫丹、多菌灵和噻菌灵在部分蔬菜中缺少明确的残留限量标准无法判定, 因而运用慢性膳食摄入风险进行评估。结果表明, 这4种农药的%ADI值均远低于100%, 安全风险很低。结论 2017年广东省示范超市蔬菜质量整体较安全, 被检农药残留状况总体良好。建议相关部门应严格落实超市食品安全主体责任, 加强对示范超市的考核评价, 对食用农产品质量安全状况进行科学监管。

Analysis and risk assessment of pesticide residues in vegetable at model market in Guangdong province in 2017

Objective To study the quality and safety of vegetable sold in boutique counter at Guangdong model market. Methods In December 2017, 68 batches of vegetable samples from 21 cities were randomly selected from 57 model markets which applied for creating the quality-assured meat and vegetable market in Guangdong province. According to the requirements of national standard method, 20 kinds of pesticide residues in vegetables were detected, and the situation of detection and exceeding standard were determined by the limit value stipulated in GB 2763-2016 National food safety standard-Maximum residue limits for pesticides in food. Risk assessment of chronic dietary intake of pesticide residues was measured by using %ADI. Results The detection rates of all vegetable samples were 41.18%. Residues of chlorpyrifos in 1 batch of sample exceeded the standards, and the qualified rate was 98.53%. As a lack of a clear standard of residual limits in some vegetables, chlorothalonil, endosulfan,carbendazim and thiabendazole could not be determined. The risk assessment of chronic dietary intake was used and the result showed that %ADI were much lower than 100%, which indicated that the risk was very low. Conclusion In 2017, the overall quality of the vegetable model markets in Guangdong province is relatively safe, and the pesticide residues is in good condition. Relevant departments should strictly implement the core responsibility of food safety markets, reinforce the assessment of the model markets, and scientifically supervise the quality and safety of the edible agricultural products.