被动大陆边缘盆地油气勘探新进展与展望

2006年以来被动大陆边缘盆地已成为全球油气储量的主要增长区。通过统计分析被动大陆边缘盆地的勘探趋势,系统总结了被动大陆边缘盆地的地质进展,阐述了主要盆地的油气分布基本特征和勘探潜力,并提出了下阶段被动大陆边缘盆地油气勘探的主要方向。被动大陆边缘盆地油气勘探呈现出由浅水盐上走向深水盐下、由构造走向地层-岩性、由大西洋向印度洋拓展、由常规带走向极地、天然气储量比重日趋增大等5方面趋势,在深水盆地、深水沉积、盐下储层等方面取得的新进展是取得油气突破的重要原因。大西洋沿岸、印度洋西岸被动大陆边缘盆地在一定程度上具有规律性的共轭关系,但其油气富集程度、分布和类型有很大差异,以共轭关系为主线对寻找新的勘探领域提供了新勘探思路。对于未来的被动大陆边缘盆地油气勘探,应重点评价近期获得突破的深水区盆地,并坚持对含盐盆地盐下裂谷期层系进行持续勘探,同时要加强超深水盆地的前瞻性研究。

New development and outlook for oil and gas exploration in passive continental margin basins

Since 2006, passive continental margin basins are the main growth region for global oil and gas reserves. Through a statistical analysis on the exploration tendency of passive continental margin basins, this paper systematically summarizes the geological progress of passive continental margin basins, and describes the characteristics and exploration potential of oil and gas distribution in the main basins. Moreover, the main direction of the next stage oil and gas exploration in passive continental margin basins is proposed. The exploration in passive continental margin basins show five aspects of tendencies, i.e., from shallow water upsalt to deepwater undersalt, from tectonics to stratum-lithology, expanding from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean, from conventional zone to polar regions and the proportion of natural gas increasing. The new development in the aspects of deepwater basin, deepwater sediment and undersalt reservoir are the important approaches to achieve a breakthrough in oil and gas exploration. The passive continental margin basins along the Atlantic coast and the Indian Ocean west coast have regular conjugate relations to certain extent, of which there are great differences in oil and gas enrichment degree, distribution and types. The principal line based on such conjugate relations offers a new exploration idea for new exploration field. For the future oil and gas exploration in passive continental margin basins, it is suggested to significantly appraise the deepwater basins with recent breakthroughs, insist on the constant exploration in the salt-bearing basin strata during the undersalt rift period, and strengthen the prospective study on the ultra-deepwater basin.