食用菌功能活性蛋白通过TLRs信号通路的免疫调节作用研究进展

食用菌是含有多种生物活性物质的大型真菌,广泛分布于自然界中。许多研究表明,食用菌中的生物活性蛋白具有免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗菌等功能,尤其是免疫调节活性备受关注。Toll样受体(toll-like receptors,TLRs)信号通路能将细胞外的信号传递到免疫系统中,激活细胞内丝裂原活化蛋白激酶和核因子-κB信号通路。本文综述了食用菌中免疫调节蛋白、凝集素、核糖体失活蛋白、糖肽等生物活性蛋白通过TLRs信号通路调节机体免疫的作用机制,为深入了解食用菌活性蛋白的功能活性,开发食用真菌保健食品或药品提供参考。

Bioactive Proteins from Edible Mushrooms Exert Immunoregulatory Activity by Toll-Like Receptors Signaling Pathways: A Review

Edible mushrooms are macrofungi containing a variety of bioactive substances, and they are widely distributed in nature. A great number of studies show that bioactive proteins from edible mushrooms play a crucial role in immune regulation, and anti-tumor and anti-bacterial effects. Especially, the immune regulatory mechanism of edible fungi has attracted wide attention from researchers. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling pathways can transfer extracellular signal to the immune system and activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathways. In this paper, we review the immunomodulatory effects of bioactive proteins such as fungal immunoregulatory proteins, lectins, ribosomal-inactivating proteins and glycopeptides in edible fungi, and elaborate the mechanism of action of these proteins to regulate the immune system through TLRs signaling pathways. The aim of this review is to summarize the upto- date studies on bioactive proteins in edible mushrooms and provide a reference for the development of health products or pharmaceuticals from edible fungi.