江苏地区克氏原螯虾中镉的膳食暴露及风险评估

为量化江苏地区人群克氏原螯虾镉的膳食暴露量,以江苏地区克氏原螯虾为研究对象并运用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法进行检测,同时结合获得镉的检测数据和江苏地区人群的膳食消费量,运用点评估和概率评估两种方法评价江苏地区克氏原螯虾中镉的膳食暴露及风险。结果显示:江苏地区705个克氏原螯虾样品中镉含量的平均值为0.068 mg/kg,有2个样品的镉含量超标,超标率为0.28%。点评估结果显示,江苏地区人群克氏原螯虾镉的暴露量的平均值、75分位数和90分位数分别占暂定每月耐受摄入量(provisional tolerable monthly intake,PTMI)的0.07%、0.05%和0.32%。概率评估结果显示,江苏地区人群食用克氏原螯虾的镉暴露量的平均值、75分位数和90分位数分别占PTMI的0.08%、0.10%和0.21%,江苏地区91.6%人群镉的暴露量处于安全水平。江苏地区人群克氏原螯虾镉的膳食暴露量总体处于安全水平范围内,长期食用克氏原螯虾不会增加总膳食镉的摄入量。

Dietary Exposure and Risk Assessment of Cadmium from Crayfish (Procambarus clarkia) in Jiangsu Province

In order to quantify the dietary exposure of the population of Jiangsu province to cadmium from crayfish (Procambarus clarkia), the cadmium content of crayfish was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Further, on the basis of the analytical data obtained and taking into account the dietary intake of cadmium in the population of Jiangsu province, the dietary exposure to cadmium from crayfish and the health risk associated with dietary cadmium exposure were evaluated by point estimate and probabilistic assessment. The results showed that the average cadmium content of 705 crayfish samples was 0.068 mg/kg, and two (0.28%) of them were found to exceed the maximum allowable limit. The results of point estimate indicated that the mean, 75 quantile and 90 quantile of the estimated dietary chronic to cadmium from crayfish accounted for 0.07%, 0.05%, and 0.32% of provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI), respectively. The results of probabilistic assessment showed that the mean, 75 quantile and 90 quantile of the estimated dietary cadmium intake accounted for 0.08%, 0.10% and 0.21% of PTMI and dietary cadmium intake was safe for 91.6% of people in Jiangsu. Overall, the dietary exposure of the population of Jiangsu province to cadmium from crayfish was at a safe level, and the total dietary intake of cadmium will not increase by long-term consumption of crayfish.