水产品中兽药残留限量标准的对比分析

近5年来, 农产品质量安全例行监测中水产品的合格率为96.3%~94.4%, 兽药残留是影响我国水产品质量安全最重要的因素之一, 并多次导致食品安全事件并遭受国际技术性贸易壁垒。限量标准作为水产食品安全国家标准的重要组成部分, 关乎人民群众身体健康和生命安全, 是各国保护自身产业安全及制定技术性贸易壁垒的重要手段。比较而言, 我国现有水产品兽药残留限量标准体系建设仍然存在系统性、完整性及合理性不足等缺点, 不利于渔业生产和国际贸易健康发展。因此, 本研究以我国《动物性食品中兽药最大残留限量》公告与最新报批稿为基础, 与国际食品法典委员会、美国、欧盟等国际组织和国家(地区)的兽药残留限量标准进行对比分析。以期为完善中国水产品药物残留限量标准体系, 提高水产品质量安全水平与国际竞争力提供数据支撑。

Comparative analysis of veterinary drug maximum residue limits of aquatic products

In the past five years, the qualified rate of aquatic products has reached 96.3%-94.4% in routine quality and safety monitoring of agricultural products. Veterinary drug residue is one of the most important factors that affect the quality and safety of aquatic products in China, which repeatedly caused food safety incidents and suffered from international technical trade barriers. As an important part of the national standard of aquatic food safety, maximum residue limits (MRLs) are related to people''s health and life safety, and is an important means for countries to protect their own industrial safety and establish technical trade barriers. In comparison, the construction of the existing veterinary drug residue limit system of aquatic products in China still has systematic, integrity and rationality deficiencies, which is not conducive to the healthy development of fishery production and international trade. Therefore, based on the announcement maximum residue limit of veterinary drugs in animal food and the latest application for approval of China, this paper contrasted and analyzed MRLs differences of veterinary drug residues with international organizations and countries (regions) such as Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), United States, and European Union. It is expected to provide data support for the improvement of China''s standard system for limiting drug residues in aquatic products and the improvement of quality and safety level and international competitiveness of aquatic products.