泥鳅鱼籽营养成分及油脂的脂肪酸组成分析

以泥鳅鱼籽为原料，对其基本营养成分进行测定。采用正己烷-异丙醇提取法得到鱼籽油，对鱼籽油的理化指标及脂肪酸组成进行了测定，并与泥鳅鱼肉、鲫鱼籽、鲟鱼籽、林蛙卵以及母乳的油脂进行比较。结果表明：泥鳅鱼籽的营养成分为水分含量64.69%、蛋白质含量24.49%、脂肪含量5.62%、灰分含量1.56%；泥鳅鱼籽油理化指标为密度0.901 4 g/mL、折光率1.463 8、碘值105 g I/100 g、皂化值134 mg KOH/g；气相色谱-质谱联用分析可知，泥鳅鱼籽中不饱和脂肪酸含量为71.30%，其中油酸和亚油酸含量较高，分别为28.02%和24.51%。通过与泥鳅鱼肉、鲫鱼籽、鲟鱼籽、林蛙卵以及母乳的油脂比较，发现泥鳅鱼籽和母乳的饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸比例基本一致，非常接近健康食用油黄金比例1∶1∶1，而且泥鳅鱼籽的主要脂肪酸组成和母乳的基本相同，具有较高的开发和利用价值。

Analysis of Nutrient Contents in Loach Roe and Fatty Acid Composition of Loach Roe Oil

The nutrient contents of loach roe and the fatty acid composition of loach roe oil were determined in this work. Loach roe oil was extracted with n-hexane-isopropanol, and its physicochemical indexes and fatty acid composition were determined and compared with the fat of loach meat, crucian carp roe, sturgeon roe, Rana chensinensis egg and breast milk. The results showed that the moisture content of loach roe was 64.69%, crude protein was 24.49%, crude fat was 5.62%, and ash was 1.56%; the density of loach fish oil was 0.901 4 g/mL, refractive index was 1.463 8, iodine value was 105 g I/100 g, and saponification value was 134 mg KOH/g. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated that the unsaturated fatty acid content of loach roe oil was 71.30%, with oleic and linoleic acid accounting for 28.02% and 24.51% of the total amount, respectively. In comparison with loach fish, crucian carp roe and sturgeon roe, the ratio of saturated to monounsaturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids in loach roe oil was roughly the same as that of breast milk fat, which was very close to the golden ratio 1:1:1 of healthy cooking oil, and loach roe and breast milk had almost the same fatty acid composition. Thus, loach roe has great development and utilization potential.