避雨栽培对酿酒葡萄果实品质和香气物质的影响

以欧亚种酿酒葡萄“赤霞珠”为试材，研究避雨栽培对葡萄果实基本品质和香气物质的影响。结果表明，与常规栽培模式相比，避雨栽培可以增加葡萄果实还原糖、总酚和单宁的含量，但降低了果实总花色素含量。常规栽培和避雨栽培的葡萄果实中分别检测出26 种和31 种香气物质，包括高级醇、酯类、脂肪酸、萜烯和降异戊二烯类等。与常规栽培相比，避雨栽培的葡萄果实香气物质总量提高了59.22%，提高的香气物质种类包括高级醇、酯类、醛类、酸类及挥发性酚类物质，其中，乙酸乙酯、2-己烯醛、己醇、(E)-2-己烯-1-醇含量显著升高，而己酸乙酯、乙酸己酯、壬醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、辛酸、癸酸是避雨栽培果实中检测到的独有特征香气成分。因此，避雨栽培种植模式有助于葡萄果实品质的提高和香气物质的合成。

Effect of Rain-Shelter Cultivation on Fruit Quality and Aroma Components in Wine Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

The physical and chemical quality of Cabernet Sauvignon (Vitis vinifera) grape berries was investigated, and the
aroma components of Cabernet Sauvignon berries from grapevines cultivated under rain-shelter and conventional conditions
were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that the rain-shelter cultivation could increase the contents
of reducing sugar, total phenolics and tannins in grape berries, but reduce total anthocyanins content when compared with
the conventional cultivation. Thirty-one and 26 aroma compounds, including high alcohols, esters, fatty acids, terpenes and
norisoprenoids, were detected in rain-shelter and conventionally cultivated grapes, respectively. The total content of aroma
components including high alcohols, esters, aldehydes, acids and volatile phenols in rain-shelter cultivated grapes was higher
than that in the conventionally cultivated ones, with a significant increase observed in the contents of 2-hexenal, hexanol and
(E)-2-hexen-1-ol. Ethyl hexoate, hexyl acetate, nonanal, 1-octen-3-ol, octanoic acid and n-decanoic acid were the unique
characteristic aroma constituents detected in rain-shelter cultivated grapes. These results suggested that the mode of rainshelter
cultivation promotes in the biosynthesis of aroma compounds in grapes.