应用Caco-2细胞模型评价真菌毒素毒性研究进展

真菌毒素是一些病原真菌在侵染作物过程中产生的次级代谢产物, 许多食品和饲料在生产、加工、贮存和流通过程中都有可能受到真菌毒素的污染。人和动物摄入真菌毒素后, 体内能够引发多种生理毒性反应, 如肝肾毒性、致癌性、肠道损伤及炎症、中枢神经系统异常、生殖紊乱等。肠上皮细胞是分隔机体内部环境与外界的屏障, 在真菌毒素的毒性评价中, 对真菌毒素引起肠上皮细胞损伤的评价是一个重要方面。人结肠癌Caco-2细胞系常用于建立体外肠道屏障模型, 该模型可应用于体外评价药物或毒素在小肠粘膜或上皮的吸收转运效率, 以及对肠道屏障功能的影响。本文综述了Caco-2细胞单层模型的建立和评价指标, 应用该模型评价几种常见真菌毒素对肠上皮细胞的运输、屏障功能的影响, 以及肠上皮细胞毒性等研究进展, 为进一步研究多种真菌毒素对肠上皮损伤的机制提供支持。

Progress in evaluation of mycotoxins toxicity using Caco-2 cells model

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced during the growth of certain fungi. Many foods and feeds may be contaminated with mycotoxins during production, processing, storage, and distribution. Humans and animals may cause various physiological toxicities, such as liver and kidney toxicity, carcinogenicity, intestinal injury and inflammation, central nervous system abnormalities and reproductive disorders after ingesting mycotoxins. Intestinal epithelial cells are barriers which separate the internal environment of the organism from the outside world. In the evaluation of the toxicity of mycotoxins, the assessment of the damage of intestinal epithelial cells caused by mycotoxins is an important aspect. The human colon cancer Caco-2 cells line is often used as the intestine barrier model in vitro, which can be used to evaluate the efficiency of absorption and transport of drugs or toxins in the small intestine mucosa or epithelium in vitro, as well as the effect on the intestinal barrier function. This review described the establishment and evaluation indicators of Caco-2 cell monolayer model, summarized the use of this model to evaluate the effect of several common mycotoxins on the intestinal epithelial cell transport, barrier function, and intestinal epithelial cell toxicity research progress, and also provided support for the further study of various mycotoxins on the mechanism and treatment of intestinal epithelial injury.