苹果采后灰霉病抗性生理差异分析

以‘秦冠’、‘富士’苹果果实为材料,对损伤接种灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea Pers.)后果肉组织抗病相关物质及酶活力变化进行分析测定,揭示苹果采后灰霉病抗性差异的生理机制。结果表明:接种B.cinerea后,两种果实的发病率和病斑直径存在差异,其中‘秦冠’苹果发病率和病斑直径显著小于‘富士’苹果(P0.05);进一步研究发现抗病品种果肉组织中苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活力均高于感病品种,从而促进抗病品种果肉中类黄酮和木质素的积累,降低膜脂过氧化程度,减少丙二醛的产生,提高了果实的抗病性,但总酚含量‘秦冠’苹果低于‘富士’苹果。研究结果可以为苹果灰霉病抗性鉴定和筛选抗灰霉病苹果资源提供理论指导。

Cultivar Differences in Postharvest Grey Mould Disease Resistance and Physiological of Apples

This study aimed to investigate the physiological mechanism behind the resistance of apples to postharvest gray mold. ‘Qinguan’ and ‘Fuji’ apple fruits were wounded and inoculated with Botrytis cinerea Pers. The changes in compounds and enzyme activities related to the disease resistance in flesh tissue were measured during subsequent storage. The results indicated that disease incidence and lesion diameters in ‘Qinguan’ apples were significantly less than those in ‘Fuji’ apples after inoculation (P < 0.05). Moreover, the activities of phenylalanine solution ammonia lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), chitinase (CHI) and β-1,3-glucanase (GLU) in the pulp of resistant varieties were higher than in susceptible varieties, facilitating the accumulation of flavonoids and lignin, reducing membrane lipid peroxidation, decreasing the production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and consequently increasing the disease resistance of fruits. However, the total phenolic content of ‘Qinguan’ apples was lower than that of ‘Fuji’ apples. These results provide a theoretical guidance for identifying the resistance of apples to postharvest gray mold and for screening resistant varieties.