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Photocatalytic activity of a new composite material of Fe (III) oxide nanoparticles wrapped by a matrix of polymeric carbon nitride and amorphous carbon
Authors:Roberto C. Dante  Francisco M. Sánchez-Arévalo  Lazaro Huerta  Florinella Muñoz-Bisesti  Diana Marquez  Pablo Martín-Ramos
Affiliation:1. R&2. D Department, 2Dto3D S.r.l.s., Via Revalanca 5 (San Firmino), Revello (CN), Italy;3. Departamento de reología y mecánica de materiales, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales (IIM), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Apdo. Postal 70–360, Cd. Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico;4. Departamento de Ciencias Nucleares, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Escuela Politécnica Nacional (EPN), Ladrón de Guevara E11-253, Quito, Ecuador;5. EPS, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Ambientales de Aragón (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Carretera de Cuarte s/n, Huesca, Spain
Abstract:Polymeric carbon nitride was synthesized from urea and doped with Cu and Fe to act as co-catalysts. The material doped with Fe was a new composite material composed of Fe(III) oxides (acting as a co-catalyst) wrapped by the polymer layers and amorphous carbon. Furthermore, the copper doped material was described in a previous report. The photocatalytic degradation of the azo dye direct blue 1 (DB) was studied using as photocatalysts: pure carbon nitride (CN), carbon nitride doped with Cu (CN-Cu) and carbon nitride doped with Fe (CN-Fe). The catalysts were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method (BET), etc. The adsorption phenomenon was studied using the Langmuir and Freundlich models. For the kinetic study, a solution of 500 mg L?1 of DB1 was treated with each catalyst, visible light and H2O2. The dye concentration was measured by spectrophotometry at the wavelength of 565 nm, and the removal of the total organic content (TOC) was quantified. BET analysis yielded surface areas of 60.029, 20.116 and 70.662 m2g?1 for CN, CN-Cu and CN-Fe, respectively. The kinetics of degradation were pseudo-first order, whose constants were 0.093, 0.039 and 0.110 min?1 for CN, CN-Cu and CN-Fe, respectively. The total organic carbon (TOC) removal reached the highest value of 14.46% with CN-Fe.
Keywords:photocatalyst  carbon nitride  iron oxide  nanoparticles  co-catalyst
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