半抗原免疫分析在食品安全检测中的应用

综述近几年来关于小分子半抗原的设计、人工抗原合成的研究，以及人工抗原合成中尚存在的问题和计算机模拟技术在半抗原合成中的应用；介绍多克隆抗体、单克隆抗体、卵黄抗体及基因工程抗体在食品安全检测中的应用，分析近年来ELISA、胶体金免疫层析和新兴的免疫传感器技术研究与应用现状和发展趋势。半抗原免疫学检测方法具有较低的检测极限、快速、方便、低廉等优势，是食品安全检测的发展方向。半抗原合成的可控设计、有效抗体的规模化生产，通过与新型免疫分析技术结合以期达到高通量、低成本、实时多重检测是今后食品安全免疫学检测中重要的技术突破点。

Research Progress of Applications of Hapten-based Immunoassay in the Detection of Food Safety

Immunoassay is one of the most important methods for the detection of food safety. This article reviews the design and synthesis of artificial antigens, the design of haptens, current problems of artificial antigens and applications of computation technology in hapten synthesis. Meanwhile, the applications of polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, IgY antibodies, and genetically engineered antibodies in the detection of food safety are also discussed. Furthermore, comprehensive information on major immunological methods such as ELISA, gold-based colloidal immunochromatographic assay and immunosensor is also summarized. Hapten immunoassay methods for food safety detection have the advantages of low detection limit, fast detection, convenience and low cost. However, several key techniques including the predictable design of artificial antigens, the mass production of high-tittered antibodies and the combination with novel immunoassay methods for meeting the requirement of high-throughput screening and real-time multiple detection also need to be improved.