灰树花菌丝体β-葡聚糖的毒理学实验

目的：对灰树花菌株GF-932 发酵菌丝体β- 葡聚糖的食用安全性进行初步研究及评价。方法：采用最大限量法进行急性毒性实验；通过微生物回复突变实验(Ames 实验)和小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核实验考察其致突变性；通过小鼠精原细胞染色体畸变实验和小鼠精子畸形实验考察其生殖毒性；通过大鼠30d 喂养实验进行体质量、进食量、血液和生化等指标测定。结果：灰树花菌丝体β- 葡聚糖小鼠急性毒性实验LD50 大于20g/kg bw；灰树花菌丝体β- 葡聚糖对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌组氨酸缺陷型菌株的回复突变实验结果为阴性；无致小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核作用，无致小鼠精原细胞染色体畸变作用，也无致小鼠精子畸形作用；大鼠30d 喂养实验期内，与对照组相比，体质量、食物利用率、血常规、血液生化、脏器系数等各项指标均无显著差异(P ＞ 0.05)，各实验组大鼠生长发育良好。结论：灰树花菌株GF-932 发酵菌丝体β- 葡聚糖属实际无毒物质，无遗传毒性作用，对动物的生长发育无不良影响。

Toxicological Evaluation of β-Glucan from Fermented Mycelia of Grifola frondosa

Objective: To evaluate the food safety of β-glucan from the fermented mycelia of Grifola frondosa strain GF-932. Methods: Maximum limited amount method was used for the evaluation of acute toxicity. Microorganism reverse mutation test (Ames test) and mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test were used to explore mutagenesis. Mouse spermatogonium chromosomal aberration test and sperm malformation test were used to assess reproductive toxicity. After 30-day feeding, rat body weight, food intake, blood cell and biochemical index were determined. Results: according to acute toxicity test, the LD50 ofβ-glucan from fermented the mycelia of Grifola frondosa was more than 20 g/kg bw. Negative results were observed in Ames test and mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test and spermatogonium chromosomal aberration test and sperm malformation test. Through 30-day feeding, the growth and development status of rats was improved. Compared with the control group, body weight, food utilization rate, organ-weight ratio, hematology and serum biochemical indices in rats fed the polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa at different dosages did not exhibited an obvious difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion: β-glucan from Grifola frondosa is nontoxic and has no genetic toxicity. It does not have any negative effect on the growth and development status of animals.