Material processing of hydroxyapatite and titanium alloy (HA/Ti) composite as implant materials using powder metallurgy: A review |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Engineering, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia;2. Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada;1. Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia;2. Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan;3. Department of Mechanical, Gonbad Kavoos Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gonbad Kavoos, Iran;1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China;2. Engineering Technology Research Center of Titanium Products and Application of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650093, China |
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| Abstract: | The bio-active and biodegradable properties of hydroxyapatite (HA) make this material a preferred candidate for implants such as bone replacement in replacing natural tissues damaged by diseases and accidents. However, the low mechanical strength of HA hinders its application. Combining HA with a biocompatible material with a higher mechanical strength, such as a titanium (Ti) alloy, to form a composite has been of interest to researchers. A HA/Ti composite would possess characteristics essential to modern implant materials, such as bio-inertness, a low Young’s modulus, and high biocompatibility. However, there are issues in the material processing, such as the rheological behavior, stress-shielding, diffusion mechanism and compatibility between the two phases. This paper reviews the HA and Ti alloy interactions under various conditions, in vitro and in vivo tests for HA/Ti composites, and common powder metallurgy processes for HA/Ti composites (e.g., pressing and sintering, isostatic pressing, plasma spraying, and metal injection molding). |
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| Keywords: | Ceramic–metal composite Powder metallurgy Material processing Biocompatibility Mechanical properties |
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