Effects of H2O/Na2O molar ratio on the strength of alkaline activated ground blast furnace slag-ultrafine palm oil fuel ash based concrete |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia;2. School of Material and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia;3. Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia;1. Research Laboratory of Inorganic Chemical Process Technologies, School of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak 1684613114, Tehran, Iran;2. Cement Research Center, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak 1684613114, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 3Z9, Canada;1. State Key Laboratory of Enviroment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;1. Department of Civil Engineering, State University of Surabaya (Universitas Negeri Surabaya), Kampus Unesa Ketintang, Surabaya 60231, Indonesia;2. Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124, La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Effects of H2O/Na2O molar ratios (MRs) on the developed alkaline activated pozzolanic solid wastes (PMs)-ultrafine palm oil fuel ash (UPOFA) and ground blast furnace slag (GBFS)-were studied by using the constant mass of combined activators (10 M NaOHaq + Na2SiO3aq of silica-modulus (Ms = SiO2/Na2O) of 3.3).The free water content (FWC) expressed as FWC/(PMs) varied from 0.02 to 0.1 by mass while the total H2O/Na2O MRs ranged from 18.9 to 23.1 The findings revealed that increase in H2O/Na2O MRs negatively affects the strength but positively impact the mixture workability (consistency). The microstructural morphology examination using Scanning Electron Microscope coupled with Energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM + EDS) reveals the contribution of H2O/Na2O MRs to the product nature, compactness, and the reactivity of Ca2+ and Al3+ while Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy indicates that H2O/Na2O ratios contributed to the product amorphousity and carbonation process but sparingly affected its formed polymerized structural units (SiQn(mAl), n = 2 and 3). |
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| Keywords: | Compressive-strength Palm-oil-fuel-ash Ground-blast-furnace-slag Scanning-electron-microscopy Fourier-transform-infra-red-spectroscopy |
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