核酸适配体在小分子目标物快速检测中的应用

随着新型现代农业的发展和小分子生物功能认识的不断深入,对农产品和农田环境中有毒危害因子的检测提出了更高的要求,比过去更加迫切需要高灵敏度、高通量且操作简单、成本低廉的小分子检测/监测工具或手段。核酸适配体(aptamer)是一段能够与靶分子高亲和力、高特异性结合的单链寡核苷酸,具有检测灵敏度高、成本低、易合成修饰等优点,该技术在基础研究、分子诊断以及农产品及农田环境污染物监测等诸多领域中展示出广阔的应用前景,为检测农产品、食品和农田中农兽药残留、生物毒素、重金属以及工业污染物提供了一种新型、高效、快速的检测平台,特别是在小分子靶标检测方面具有很大的应用潜力。本文从适配体的本质、作用机制及特点入手,介绍适配体在农田生态环境和农产品质量安全中的应用现状和发展方向。

Application of aptamers in rapid detection of small molecule targets

With the development of new type of modern agriculture and the deepening cognition of the biological functions of small molecular, higher requirements are putting forward for the detection of toxic hazard factors in agricultural products and agricultural environment. Now, a rapid instrument or method with high sensitivity, high throughput, simple operation and low cost is more urgent than ever for detecting or monitoring small molecule targets. Aptamer is single oligonucleotide sequences which can strongly bind to their targets with high affinity and specificity, and has a series of virtues such as high detection sensitivity, low cost and easy synthesis modification. Aptamer has broad application prospects in basic research, molecular diagnosis, and the pollution of agricultural products and agricultural environmental pollution monitoring, which provides a new, efficient and rapid detection platform for detecting pesticides and veterinary drugs residues, biological toxins, heavy metals and industrial pollutants in agricultural products, food and farmfield, especially, it has great potential in the detection of small molecule targets. The paper intended to start from the nature, mechanism and characteristics of aptamers, and then reviewed and prospected the application and development of aptamers in the agricultural products safety and farmfield environment.