考虑生态流量约束的三峡水库汛末提前蓄水方式研究

针对长江流域气候和水文变化、来水量的减少、生态环境的影响和上游大量兴建水利设施等因素导致既定的需水方案已经不能满足这个矛盾,以原三峡水库汛末蓄水调度方案为模型基础,综合考虑防洪、发电、航运、下游抗旱补水和生态需水量等约束条件构建多目标数学优化模型,提出了基于汛末蓄水方案调度规则的6套汛末提前蓄水方案。根据每个汛末提前蓄水方案在年平均蓄满率、末水位、发电量、弃水量等方面的比较,来确定最佳提前蓄水方案,并选取来水较枯的典型年进行验证。结果表明:优化后的汛末提前蓄水方案,既能够有效控制三峡水库防洪风险又能最大限度挖掘兴利效益,是常规调度和生态调度相结合的最佳蓄水方案。

Research on impounding way ahead of flood end of Three Gorges Reservoir by considering constraint of ecological flow

Aiming at the contradiction of Yangtze river basin that the climate and hydrological changes , the decrease of water inflow , the impact of ecological environment and a large number of hydraulic facilities build in the upstream cann''t meet the built water demand program, the paper built multi-objective optimization mathematical mode based on the original impounding and dispatching scheme of three gorges project in comprehensive consideration of flood control , power generation , navigation , the downstream drought water supply and the amount of the ecological water and other constraints,and put forward six impounding schemes ahead of flood end.According to these aspects of annual average fill storage rate,final water level,power generation,spill water and flood risk,comparing each impounding scheme ahead of flood end to determine the optimum one and was validated by taking the typical year of runoff being dryer to test.Results showed that the best optimal impounding scheme is the combination of conventional and ecological dispatching.The scheme can not only effectively control the risk of flood control of three gorges reservoir but also maximize the benefits and is the optimum one.