基于传感布置优化的履带车辆振动测试系统

针对大型结构振动测试传感布置优化问题，开发了集传感布置优化于一体的履带车辆振动测试系统。基于传感布置优化理论，提出一种惯性权值协同学习因子非线性动态调整粒子群优化算法；通过履带车辆有限元模态分析，获取节点不同阶模态振型值，依据模态置信准则开展履带车辆振动测试加速度传感布置优化计算；采用MATLAB和LabView混合编程搭建振动测试系统，开展履带车辆行进速度15 km/h的戈壁路、砂石路、铺面路以及起伏路4种典型路面谱激励下的车身振动测试试验。研究结果表明，试验测得的振动加速度最大值、最小值、均值以及均方根值与商用LabGenius振动测试软件结果基本一致，误差小于1%，验证了传感布置优化计算结果有效性及测试系统功能可行性，可为履带车辆振动测试传感优化及测试系统设计提供理论基础和实践指导。

Tracked Vehicle Vibration Test System Based on Optimal Sensor Arrangement

To solve the sensor arrangement optimization problem for the vibration test of large structures, a tracked vehicle vibration test system integrating sensor arrangement optimization is developed. Firstly, a particle swarm optimization with nonlinear dynamic adjustment of inertial weight collaborative learning factor (PSO-IWLF) is proposed based on the sensor layout optimization theory. Then, different order modal shape values of nodes are obtained through the finite element mode analysis of the tracked vehicle, and the optimization calculation of vibration test acceleration sensor arrangement is carried out according to the modal confidence criterion (MAC). Finally, the tracked vehicle vibration test system (LabMat) is built by MATLAB and LabView. The tracked vehicle vibration test is conducted under typical road spectrum excitation of four types of roads, namely, gobi road, gravel road, paved road and undulating road with vehicle speed of 15 km/h. The calculated results show that the maximum, minimum, mean and root mean square values of vibration acceleration measured by the test are basically consistent with the results from the commercial LabGenius vibration test software, and the error is less than 1%, which verifies the validity of the calculation results of the sensor arrangement optimization and the test system. This study can provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for sensor optimization by the tracked vehicle vibration test and test system design.