复合式增材制造技术研究现状及发展

形性问题制约金属增材制造技术的发展与应用，复合式增材制造在解决制件形性问题方面效果显著。高度概括了复合式增材制造技术分类方式与主体类别；简要总结了增减材复合制造在制件成形精度和表面质量控制方面的研究进展和技术发展状况；重点评述了增等材复合制造技术类别、成形原理、制造特征和关键问题，以及在制件显微组织、应力状态、宏观性能调控方面的研究现状和主体结论；系统介绍了超声、电磁、激光三类特种辅助能场对增材熔池流动、结晶、固态相变的作用机制，以及特种能场作用下，增材层显微组织状态、力学性能、成形精度的演化规律；展望了复合式增材制造技术未来的发展趋势。

Research Status and Development of Hybrid Additive Manufacturing Technology

The poor forming accuracy and performance restricted the development and applications of metallic additive manufacturing technology. Hybrid additive manufacturing had a significant effectiveness on solving the problem. The classification and main categories of hybrid additive manufacturing technology were highly generalized herein. The research progresses and technical developments of additive and subtractive hybrid manufacturing in the control of the part forming accuracy and surface quality were briefly summarized. The technology categories， forming principles， manufacturing characteristics and key problems of additive and equivalent hybrid manufacturing were emphatically commented， as well as the research status and main conclusions of additive and equivalent hybrid manufacturing on the control of microstructure， stress state and macro-performance of the parts. The acting mechanism of three special auxiliary energy fields， namely ultrasonic， electromagnetic and laser， on the flow， crystallization and solid-state phase transition of additive molten pool， and the evolution law of microstructure state， mechanical properties and forming accuracy of additive layer under the action of special energy fields were systematically introduced. Finally， the development trends of hybrid additive manufacturing technology were prospected in the future.