生物质材料对微纳塑料吸附性能的研究进展

废弃塑料在江河湖海中呈累积趋势,老化分解产生的微纳塑料严重污染水质,威胁生态环境和居民饮用水安全。传统处理方法,如物理絮凝、生物降解等,存在处理周期长、吸附效率低等问题。天然生物质含有大量的羟基、羧基等活性基团,对生物质进行物理处理或化学修饰改性能够改善孔隙结构和提高比表面积,可作为吸附微纳塑料的绿色材料。本文从微纳塑料的常规处理方法和基本特征出发,简要概况了不同类型微纳塑料对植物、动物和人体的潜在影响和危害,系统介绍了生物质材料(生物质炭、纤维素、甲壳素等)在微纳塑料吸附领域的研究现状,分析总结了生物质材料对微纳塑料的吸附行为、规律和作用机制,最后展望了生物质材料吸附微纳塑料的未来发展前景。 

Research progress on adsorption properties of biomass materials for micro/nano plastics

Waste plastics have been accumulated in rivers, lakes and seas. The micro/nano plastics generated by aging and decomposition pollute the water quality seriously and threaten the ecological environment and the safety of drinking water for residents. Traditional treatment methods including physical flocculation and biodegradation, still have problems such as long treatment period and low adsorption efficiency. Natural biomass contains large numbers of active hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. Physical treatment or chemical modification of biomass can be conducted to improve the pore structure and increase the specific surface area, and can be used as a green material for adsorbing micro/nano plastics. This work starts with the conventional treatment methods and the basic characteristics of micro/nano plastics, and briefly summarizes the potential effects and harm of different types of micro/nano plastics on plants, animals and human beings. Then research status of biomass materials (biochar, cellulose, chitin, etc.) in the field of the adsorption of micro/nano plastics is systematically introduced and the adsorption behavior, law and action mechanism of biomass materials on micro/nano plastics are analyzed and summarized. Finally, the future development prospects of the adsorption of micro/nano plastics by biomass materials are prospected.