铁酸铋/石墨烯纳米复合材料的制备及其对高氯酸铵热分解的催化作用

为了提高纳米复合金属氧化物对高氯酸铵(AP)热分解的催化作用,以Bi(NO₃)₃·5H₂O、Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O和GO为前驱体,采用水热法制备了铁酸铋/石墨烯(BiFeO₃/rGO)纳米复合材料;利用XRD、FT-IR、XPS、TGA、SEM和TEM等对所制备样品的结构、粒径及形貌进行了表征;采用差热分析研究了不同添加量的BiFeO₃/rGO纳米复合材料对AP热分解过程的影响,分析了BiFeO₃/rGO对AP热分解的催化机理及其对AP热分解动力学的影响。结果表明,rGO的引入有效阻止了纳米BiFeO₃颗粒的团聚,大大增加了比表面积;当BiFeO₃/rGO纳米复合材料的质量分数为4%时,AP的高温分解峰降低最多,达167℃,表观分解热增加了1631J/g,达2518J/g,表观活化能从172.07kJ/mol降低至128.35kJ/mol,表明所制备的BiFeO₃/rGO纳米复合材料能有效催化AP的热分解。

Preparation of BiFeO3/rGO Nanocomposites and Its Catalytic Performance for the Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate

In order to improve the catalytic effect of nanocomposite metal oxides on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate(AP),BiFeO₃/rGO nanocomposites were prepared using Bi(NO₃)₃·5H₂O,Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O and GO as precursors by a facile hydrothermal method.The structure,particle size and morphology of the prepared samples were characterized by XRD,FT-IR,XPS,TGA,SEM and TEM.The catalytic performances of the BiFeO₃/rGO nanocomposites toward the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate(AP)were further investigated by DTA.The catalytic mechanism of BiFeO₃/rGO on the thermal decomposition of AP and its effect on the thermal decomposition kinetics of AP were analyzed.The results show that the introduction of rGO can effectively prevent the agglomeration of BiFeO₃nanoparticles and greatly increase the specific surface area.When the content of BiFeO₃/rGO in AP is 4%,the high thermal decomposition temperature of AP can be achieved the highest decrease,which is up to 167℃.The apparent decomposition heat increases by 1631J/g,which is up to 2518J/g,and the activation energy of reaction decreases from 172.07 to 128.35 kJ/mol,indicating that the BiFeO₃/rGO nanocomposites can effectively catalyze thermal decomposition of AP.