HBV壳聚糖微球疫苗鼻腔免疫的初步研究

目的　研究HBV表面抗原亚单位微球疫苗及DNA微球疫苗鼻腔免疫的效果 ,为新型鼻腔疫苗的研制提供实验基础。方法　选取HBV表面抗原亚单位疫苗及HBVDNA疫苗作为模型 ,以壳聚糖作为载体 ,通过沉淀 凝聚法制备壳聚糖微球疫苗 ,分别通过鼻腔、腹腔及肌肉免疫小鼠 ,在不同时间点收集小鼠血清 ,用ELISA检测血清中抗HBVIgG ,分析不同免疫途径的免疫效果。结果　在HBV亚单位微球疫苗免疫组中 ,腹腔与鼻腔免疫效果差异无显著意义 ;而在HBVDNA疫苗免疫组中 ,肌肉免疫后 12周IgG达到峰值 ,随后开始出现下降趋势 ;而微球疫苗则在 16周才达峰值 ,且鼻腔免疫组要高于肌肉免疫组。结论　鼻腔免疫可作为亚单位疫苗及DNA疫苗的免疫途径 ,且相对于DNA疫苗而言 ,壳聚糖微球具有保护作用及缓释作用。

Preliminary Study on Immune Response Induced by Nasal Immunization with HBV Chitosan Microsphere Vaccine

Objective To study the immune responses induc ed b y nasal immunization with HBsAg subunit and DNA microsphere vaccines and provide an experimental basis for the development of a novel nasal vaccine.Meth ods Prepare HBV chitosan microsphere vaccines by precipitation/condensa tion method,using the subunit vaccine and DNA vaccine of HBsAg as model antigens respectively.Immunize mice with the microsphere vaccines by nasal,intraperitone a l and intramuscular routes separately.Collect the murine sera at different time after immunization and detect for HBV IgG by ELISA,and analyze the influence of various routes on immune effect.Results The immune effects indu ced by intraperitoneal and nasal immunization with HBV subunit microsphere vacci ne showed no significant difference.The IgG level induced by intramuscular immun ization with the solution of HBV DNA microsphere vaccine reached a peak value at the 12th week then showed a tendency of decrease.However,the IgG level ind uced by nasal immunization reached a peak value at the 16th week,and was s ignificantly higher than that by intramuscular immunization.Conclusion Nasal immunization may be a novel method for the delivery of subunit and DNA microsphere vaccines of HBV,and chitosan microspheres may be used for the p rotection and controlled-release of DNA vaccine.