我国煤电的外部成本初步研究

应用影响路径分析方法建立了我国煤电链的外部成本计量框架，对煤电链大气污染对人体健康、农作物、森林与生态系统、材料、清洗、全球变暖，以及煤矿事故死亡影响的外部成本进行了初步估算.煤电链的外部成本为0.38元/(kW·h)， 单位SO₂和PM的直接损害成本为17.20和30.70元/kg.煤电的外部成本已经达到其发电成本，环境影响严重.煤耗高和环保设施效率低是煤电外部成本高昂的主要直接原因.煤电的外部成本转嫁给社会承担，反映出当前能源价格机制不合理，需要通过对外部成本内部化途径完善能源价格机制和有效配置资源，实现能源可持续发展.

The external cost of coal power chain in China

The impact pathway analysis approach was applied to establishment the accounting framework of externalities of coal power chain. The health effects of air pollution, agriculture, forests and ecosystems, materials, cleanout, global warming, radiological health impacts and fatality impacts of coalmine accidents were evaluated preliminarily. The external cost of coal power chain in China is 0.38 Yuan/(kW·h), and the direct damage cost of SO2 and PM are 17.20 and 30.70 Yuan/kg. The external cost is close to the power generation cost, showing coal power cause serious environmental impacts. The major direct reasons for the high external cost of coal power chain are high consumption of coal and low efficiency of environmental protection facilities. The payment for the external cost by public society reflects unreasonable energy price mechanism, which need be improved through the internalization of the externalities to configure the resources properly and achieve energy sustainable development.