山东省冬小麦夏玉米作物生产水足迹研究

在生产水足迹理论指导下，使用粮食生产虚拟水的算法，基于联合国粮农组织推荐的 CROPWAT 软件的计算构架，对山东省主要农作物冬小麦、夏玉米2011年的生产虚拟水及其水足迹进行了计算。结果表明，山东省冬小麦的生产水足迹以绿水足迹为主，且数值高于夏玉米生产水足迹，夏玉米绿、蓝水生产水足迹比例均衡；山东省冬小麦、夏玉米作物蓝、绿水足迹低于华北平原地区但高于吉林省同类作物；因而山东省具备提高水资源利用效率的空间；施用农药化肥产生的灰水足迹在总水足迹的比重中较为适中，但因冬小麦、夏玉米种植面积较大，仍需做好面源污染的控制，才能在实现粮食增产的同时达到环保目标。

Study on Production Water Footprint of Winter wheat and Summer maize in Shandong Province

Under the guidance of production water footprint theory, based on the CROPWAT software computing architecture which was recommended by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the production of virtual water and water footprint of winter wheat and summer maize in Shandong province in 2011 was calculated by using crop virtual account method. The results showed that: the winter wheat production in Shandong province was given priority to the green water footprint; water footprint of the winter wheat production was higher than that of the summer maize; the green and blue water footprint of summer maize was balanced; the green and blue water footprint of the main crops in Shandong province was lower than that of the similar crops in North China Plain; the water footprint of summer maize was higher than that of Jilin province; thus, Shandong has space to improve water use efficiency; grey water footprint produced by chemical fertilizers was in a proper ratio; however, because of the influence of large planting area, more attention should be paid to control non point source pollution. Only in this way can we realize the goal of environmental protection as well as grain production in the future.