开距对不同状态下真空电弧特性影响的仿真分析

仿真分析了开距对真空开关中不同状态下真空电弧特性的影响。对于小电流扩散态真空电弧，随着开距增大，电弧的扩散程度增大，离子温度、电子温度和等离子体压力增大；对于超音速收缩态真空电弧，随着开距的增大，电弧的收缩程度增大，离子温度、电子温度和等离子体压力增大，阳极轴向电流密度和能流密度的分布更不均匀；对于离子处于亚音速状态的大电流真空电弧，随着开距的增大，极间等离子体的损失增多。对于3种不同状态的真空电弧而言，随着开距的增大，电弧电压和注入阳极的能流密度都增大。同时，可以发现，建模与仿真是理解真空电弧微观过程的一种有效方法。

Simulation Analysis of Influence of Electrode Separations on Vacuum Arcs Characteristics Under Different States

The influence of electrode separations on vacuum arc characteristics under different states in vacuum interrupters is simulated and analyzed. For low current diffused state vacuum arc, the diffused state of vacuum arc increases and ion temperature, electron temperature, plasma pressure all increase with the increase of electrode separations; For supersonic constrictive state vacuum arc, with the increase of electrode separations, constrictive state of vacuum arc increases and ion temperature, electron temperature, plasma pressure all increase, and the distributions of anode axial current density and heat flux density to anode become more nonuniform; For subsonic state (ion) high current vacuum arc, with the increase of electrode separations, the loss of interelectrode plasma increases. For above three kinds of vacuum arcs under different states, with the increase of electrode separations, arc voltage and heat flux density to anode both increase. Simultaneously, It is found that modeling and simulation is the effective method understanding microscopic process of vacuum arc.