贵州少数民族文化遗产的逆向工程应用研究

以少数民族文化遗产的保护和开发方法研究为目的,从实物测量、三维CAD模型、曲面模型评价体系、CAD模型重建等方面详细阐述了逆向工程技术在文化遗产保护方面的应用.选用有代表性的贵州少数民族文物--布依族酒壶、水壶以及木制傩戏面具作为研究对象,采用Hiscanner 激光扫描测头对其进行数据采集,扫描得到的点云数据可刻录到光盘上作为文物数据永久保存；更进一步地,采用目前流行的逆向工程软件Geomagic studio对点云数据进行数据精简、数据滤波、数据修补、提取特征线等处理后得到NURBS曲面；为保证曲面模型重建的精度,在曲面重建模型后对其误差评价,通过控制误差的方式指导曲面模型重建,使重建的文物曲面模型能真实完整地反映原状；最后,在功能强大的三维造型软件Solidworks中导入重构的NURBS曲面进行曲面缝合、放样等，将其生成实体CAD模型,并对模型的局部特征进行适当的再设计以实现文物实体模型的优化.对该模型进行快速成型制造可得到文物复制品或成品模具,即实现逆向工程技术在文化遗产保护中的应用研究.逆向工程技术应用于少数民族文化遗产文物保护是一个全新的课题,该项技术的应用能进一步推动文化遗产保护措施的发展,也能为类似课题的研究提供借鉴.

Research on reverse engineering in field of cultural heritage of minority in Guizhou province

In pursuit of the protection and development method of the minority cultural heritage, the applica-tion of reverse engineering to cultural heritage protection was described in detailed from the aspects of entity measurement, 3D CAD model, surface evaluation system. The representative minority cultural relic--pot-tery relic of Buyi minority and the two wooden masks is taken as the research object. Firstly, Hiscanner la-ser scan detector was adapted for data collection, and then obtain point cloud data which could be recorded on disc for permanent saving was obtianed; Furthermore, the new popular reverse engineering software Geomagic for some disposals of point cloud data was adopted in data condensing, data mending, data filte-ring, feature line picking up to obtain NURBS surfaces; and then the error between the reconstructed CAD model and the point cloud data was evaluated to guarantee the precision of surface reconstruction to keep the relics keep its original appearance. In the end, the NURBS surfaces are imported to 3D software Solidworks and entities of CAD are generated by surface sewing,mold loft and ablating and other instructions. Cultural relic's copy or dies was obtained via rapid prototyping manufacturing. Application of reverse engineering technology to cultural heritage protection was realized. The application of this technology can further pro-mote the development of protecting methods and provide reference for similar subjects.