海洋开发装备技术发展现状与未来趋势研判

随着我国海洋、江河和地下水资源勘探、开发和利用的日益深入，以及领海主权防卫的军事需求日趋迫切，在水下获取远距离条件下高质量的目标图像已成为水下环境勘测、目标探测与敌我对抗等许多领域迫切需要解决的问题。目前，水下成像探测技术主要有声探测和光电探测两种途径。本文研究了目前主要水下高分辨力光电探测成像技术现状，分析了不同技术途径的优缺点，对比了各种水下探测/成像系统中采用的光电探测器的情况，结合自身技术背景，提出了应加快发展高灵敏度、低噪声、高增益、快响应、宽动态范围、良好线性度的GaAsP光阴极双微通道板像增强器，从而简化光电系统中因探测器性能不佳带来的灵敏度低、噪声大、增益低、处理时间长等不足，加速各种新技术向产品、实用化设备的转化。本文成果对水下光电成像技术发展将有一定支撑作用。

Current situation and development of marine development equipment technology

With the increasing exploration, development, and utilization of China's oceans, rivers, and groundwater resources, as well as the increasingly urgent military need for sovereign defense in territorial waters, obtaining high-quality target images under long-distance underwater conditions has become an urgent problem to be solved in many fields, such as underwater environmental surveys, target detection, and enemy-self confrontation. Currently, the underwater imaging detection technology includes two main methods: acoustic and photoelectric detection. In this study, the current status of the main underwater high-resolution photoelectric detection imaging technology is studied, the advantages and disadvantages of different technical approaches are analyzed, and the photodetectors used in various underwater detection/imaging systems are compared. Combined with its own technical background, it is proposed that the development of a GaAsP photocathode dual microchannel plate image intensifier with high sensitivity, low noise, high gain, fast response, wide dynamic range, and good linearity should be accelerated to simplify the low sensitivity, high noise, low gain, and long processing time, owing to the poor performance of the detector in the photoelectric system, and accelerate the conversion speed of various new technologies into products and practical equipment. The results of this study support the development of underwater photoelectric imaging technology.