建筑结构的隔震、减振和振动控制

建筑结构隔震技术通过在建筑结构底部或中间楼层设置隔震装置，延长结构的自振周期，并提供适当的阻尼使得结构的响应大幅度减小，能够更有效地保护房屋结构以及室内设备的安全，可显著提升建筑震后功能可恢复能力。目前建筑结构隔震技术已经有较为成熟的技术产品和工程应用，已广泛应用于住宅、医院、学校、博物馆和图书馆等建筑中。随着《建设工程抗震管理条例》的颁布，预期隔震技术将有更广阔的应用场景。隔震建筑也将逐步从低层、简单建筑结构向高层、复杂建筑结构的方向发展。目前常用的隔震装置存在着抗拉能力不足、对竖向地震或竖向环境振动减振效果不足、控制频宽窄、适应性不足以及使用状态及损伤状态难以监测等问题。为此，众多学者针对以上问题进行了深入研究，开发了抗拉隔震支座、三维隔震(振)支座、半主动隔震支座和隔震支座的健康监测系统，为扩展隔震技术的应用范围提供了解决方法。目前，相关研究偏重于新型隔震装置的性能研究，未来应全面考虑新型隔震装置对于建筑的影响，提出配套的设计方法，并进行示范性工程应用，加快隔震技术的推广。

Teflon bearings in base isolation II: Modeling

The isolation technologies elongate the natural vibration period of the structures and provide appropriate damping by setting the isolation devices at the bottom or the middle story of the buildings, so that the response of the structures can be greatly reduced. The technologies can effectively protect the safety and the functionality of the buildings during and after the earthquake. At present, the isolation technologies have been widely used in residential buildings, hospitals, schools, museums, libraries, et al. The seismic isolation technologies are expected to have wider application in the near future due to the release of the regulation on seismic fortification. Base-isolated structures will be used from low-rise, simple buildings to high-rise, complex buildings. The commonly used isolation devices have some shortcomings, such as insufficient tensile capacity, insufficient vibration reduction effect to vertical earthquake or vertical environment vibration, narrow control frequency band, low robustness and difficulty to be monitored. Therefore, many scholars have carried out in-depth research to overcome the above shortcomings, and developed uplift-restraint bearings, three-dimensional isolation bearings, semi-active control isolation bearings and healthy monitoring systems for isolation devices, and provided solutions for extending the application of isolation technologies. The relevant research currently mainly focuses on the performance of the new isolation devices. In the future, the influence of the new isolation devices on the buildings should be considered comprehensively and the design method should be developed, while the demonstration engineering application should be put forward to promote the isolation technology.