中国制造业产品质量:基于技术含量视角的实证分析

利用WIOD数据库2000-2014年世界投入产出表,结合生产工序方法测算中国制造业的整体技术含量、国内技术含量和国内技术贡献率,基于技术含量视角分析中国制造业出口产品质量的动态变迁及其影响因素。研究发现:(1)中国制造业及其细分行业技术含量增速较快,但绝对量低于世界其他主要国家(地区),国内生产环节的技术含量有待进一步提升。(2)引进国外技术对制造业产品质量的影响具有“U”形特征,成本效应占优时,表现为负向作用;技术溢出效应占优时,表现为促进作用。随着国内技术含量的增加,国外技术引进的抑制作用开始显现,在技术密集型行业中,技术引进总体表现为抑制作用。(3)行业自主研发是出口产品质量升级的重要推动力,分别与国内技术以及行业开放具有互补效应,即自主研发可以增加行业对技术的消化吸收能力,提高技术溢出效应,且互补效应在资本密集型行业和技术密集型行业中更为显著。

Product Quality of the Chinese Manufacturing Industry: An Empirical Analysis Based on the Perspective of Technology Content

On the calculation method of production process, this paper, by using the world input-output table from 2000 to 2014 to calculate the total technology content, domestic technology content and domestic technology contribution rate of the Chinese manufacturing industry, makes an analysis of the dynamic changes of its export product quality and the influencing factors from the perspective of technology content. The results are as follows. Firstly, in the sample period, although the technology content of the Chinese manufacturing industry and its subsectors increased rapidly, its absolute value was lower than that of the other major countries in the world, and it was observed to be at the low end of the global value chain system. Secondly, the introduction of foreign technology has a u-shaped effect on the quality upgrading of the manufacturing products. When the cost effect is dominant, it shows a negative effect, and when the technology spillover effect is dominant, it shows a promoting effect. With the increase of technology content at home, the inhibition of technology import from overseas begins to appear. In the technology-intensive industries in particular, the technology import mainly exhibits an inhibition performance. And thirdly, independent research and development is an important driving force for upgrading the quality of export products, which has complementary effects with both the domestic technology acquired and the opening-up of the industry. In this regard, independent research and development can increase the absorptive capacity of the industry as well as improve the technology spillover effect, while the complementary effect is more significant in the capital-intensive industries and the technology-intensive industries.