十八大以来我国农民主观生活质量变化及影响因素研究 ——基于CSS2013和CSS2019数据的实证分析

党的十八大以来,我国举全党全社会之力在农村地区全面开展脱贫攻坚及乡村振兴工作,取得了举世瞩目的重大成就。基于中国社会状况综合调查数据(CSS)的研究发现,与2013年相比,我国农民的总体生活满意度以及在家庭经济状况、家庭关系、养老保障等分领域的满意度在2019年显著上升,而在休闲娱乐、社交生活、医疗保障这三个领域的满意度有所下降。通过对农民总体生活满意度与其影响因素的回归分析发现,无论在2013年还是2019年,农民对社会公平、社会信任、生态环境、政府工作的感知和评价对其主观生活质量均存在显著的正向影响,其影响效应远远超过收入、职业、教育等个体社会经济因素和性别、年龄、婚姻等人口学特征因素。因此未来应重点改善包括社会公平和社会信任在内的宏观社会环境,以进一步提高农民的主观生活质量,并将主观生活质量纳入到脱贫质量和乡村振兴质量的指标体系中。

An Empirical Study on the Changes of Peasants'Subjective Quality of Life since the 18th CPC National Congress (2013-2019 )

Since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC), China has mobilized the whole society to comprehensively combat poverty in rural areas, and achieved major victories that have attracted worldwide attention. Based on the survey data of CSS2013 and CSS2019, this paper deeply investigates the changes of Chinese peasants’ subjective quality of life from 2013 to 2019. The results show that compared with 2013, Chinese peasants’ overall life satisfaction and satisfaction in the fields of family economic situation, family relationship and pension security increased significantly in 2019, while their satisfaction in the fields of leisure and entertainment, social life and medical security decreased somewhat. Through the regression analysis of peasants’ overall life satisfaction and its influencing factors, it is found that both in 2013 and 2019, peasants’ perception and evaluation of social justice, social trust, ecological environment and government work have a significant positive impact on their subjective quality of life. Its influence effect is far more than individual socio-economic factors such as income, occupation and education and demographic characteristics such as gender, age and marriage.