Synthesis and applications of fluoroalkyl end-capped cooligomers having fullerene and mixed fullerenes in the main chain

Fluoroalkanoyl peroxides reacted with FULLERENES fullerene (C₆₀) and commercially available fullerenes (Nanom Mix^TR and Nanom Black^TR)] and radical polymerizable comonomers such as acrylic acid, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, N-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)acrylamide, and acryloylmorpholine to afford fluoroalkyl end-capped cooligomers having FULLERENES in the main chain under very mild conditions. Fluoroalkyl end-capped Nanom Mix and Nanom Black cooligomers thus obtained were found to exhibit a similar solubility to that of the corresponding fluoroalkyl end-capped cooligomers having fullerene in the main chain. These fluorinated FULLERENES cooligomers were found to form the nanometer size-controlled self-assembled cooligomeric aggregates in aqueous solutions. These fluoroalkyl end-capped FULLERENES cooligomers were more effective for solubilizing fullerene, Nanom Mix and Nanom Black into water, compared to those of the corresponding fluoroalkyl end-capped homooligomers having no FULLERENES in the main chain. Fluoroalkyl end-capped fullerene- and Nanom Mix-acrylic acid cooligomers were found to exhibit fluorescence spectra related to fullerene and Nanom Mix in cooligomers, respectively, in aqueous solutions. Additionally, these fluorinated fullerene- and Nanom Mix-acrylic acid cooligomers were able to increase chemiluminescence intensity related to luminol, effectively, compared to the corresponding fluorinated acrylic acid homooligomers.