从“深宅大院”到“花园洋房”——西安传统庭院式住宅与近代独立式公馆住宅比较研究

传统的庭院式住宅在西安所在的陕西关中地区相沿数千年,但是在近代的西安,却有西方的独立式住宅形态的传入,打破了城市中庭院式住宅一统天下的局面。该文以明清时西安传统庭院住宅和近代独立式公馆住宅为比较研究对象,对两种住宅体系的整体空间形态、功能组织、建筑造型、建筑技术、室内装修与设备进行了全面深入的比较研究,其比较结果不仅能够全面展示两种住宅体系的特征,并有助于揭示西安近代居住建筑由古至今的嬗变过程和近代建筑发展过程中中西建筑文化碰撞交融的特征。

From "Deep Courtyard House" to "Foreign-style Garden House" :Comparison Research between the Traditional Courtyard House and the Mansion house in Xi'an in Morden Times

The traditional courtyard houses have been in the Guanzhong region where Xi’an located for thousands of years, but in the the modern times, an absolutely new type of single-detached house was transmitted in Xi’an and broken the old situation of residential architecture. This article takes the traditional courtyard house in Ming and Qing dynasty and single-detached mansion house in Xi＇an in modern times as the objects of comparative study, makes a full and deep comparison between these two kinds of housing from their site layout, function organization, form expression, construction technology, interior decoration and equipment. The comparative result would not only comprehensively demonstrate the characteristics of these two kinds of housing system＇s, but also be helpful in revealing the evolution process of Xi＇an residential architecture from ancient to modern and the collision and fusion of Chinese and western architectural culture in modern times.