基于MATLAB的破碎机动力学参数优化设计

破碎机动力学参数设计包含机构平衡重、拉杆弹簧计算载荷、飞轮转动惯量等动力学参数的优化设计,是破碎机设计极其重要的内容.破碎机在运转过程中,其偏心轴、动颚、肘板等运动件都具有一定的加速度,会产生很大的惯性力而且大小、方向呈周期性变化.这些惯性力在运动副中引起附加动载荷,是破碎机零件磨损、机器振动的主要原因.破碎机动力学参数优化设计就是通过优化计算,获得最优的平衡条件,使机构总的惯性力平衡,其根本目的就是减小运动件的惯性力引起的附加动载,消除其有害影响,以确保破碎机运转稳定、可靠,降低机器的振动和噪声,提高设备的寿命和效率.以国内广为生产、使用的PE600×900破碎机为研究对象,利用MATLAB的优化功能,在进行运动学、动力学分析,建立一系列运动方程和力学模型之基础上,采用最优动力平衡法,在MATLAB环境下对破碎机机构平衡重进行优化设计.通过优化计算获得机构平衡重及其方向角的最佳值,使随机构位置而变化的振动力降低到最小.

Optimal design of the dynamical parameter of the crusher based on MATLAB

The dynamical parameter design which involves balance weight of mechanism,assumed load of pull-rod spring and rotary inertia of flywheel is an important content of crusher design.The moving part such as eccentric shaft,moving jaw,toggle plate has higher acceleration while the crusher is running and sets up enormous inertia force whose the magnitude and the direction are changing periodically.These inertia forces cause the additional dynamic load in the kinematic pair and it is the main cause which leads to the wear and vibration of crusher.Optimal design of the dynamical parameter of the crusher is to get the optimization equilibrium condition and to balance the total inertia force of mechanism by the optimization calculation.Its fundamental purpose is to decrease the additional dynamic load caused by inertia force of moving part and eliminate the bad effect,in order to ensure crusher stable and reliable running and reduce vibration and noise and enhance the equipment efficiency and service life.The PE600×900 crusher and MATLAB optimization function were took as the research subject and the way,respectively.Based on the kinematic and dynamic analysis that a series of kinematic equation and mechanical model have been set up,the mechanism balance weight of crusher is optimum designed by optimal dynamic balances in MATLAB.By the optimization calculation,the optimum value of mechanism balance weight and its direction angle is obtained and the vibration force varying with the position of mechanism is reduced to the minimum.