The effect of formaldehyde/phenol (F/P) molar ratios on function and curing kinetics of high‐solid resol phenolic resins |
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| Authors: | Yufeng Ma Wei Zhang Chunpeng Wang Yuzhi Xu Fuxiang Chu |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products, CAF, Jiangsu Province;2. Nanjing 210042, China;3. National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Jiangsu Province;4. Key and Open Lab. on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Jiangsu Province;5. Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province;6. Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China |
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| Abstract: | A series of high‐solid resol phenolic resins (HSRPRs) were synthesized with different molar ratios (1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, and 2.4) of formaldehyde to phenol using calcium oxide and sodium hydroxide as catalyst. The effects of F/P molar ratios on physical properties, free formaldehyde and phenol, activity, structure, and thermally resistant properties of HSRPRs were fully investigated by chemical assays, liquid and solid 13C‐NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The curing kinetics of different F/P molar ratios were explored with differential scanning calorimeter at four different heating rates (5, 10, 15, 20°C/min) from 35 to 200°C. Overall, HSRPRs with F/P = 2.0 had excellent comprehensive properties. The study was significant in solving the wastewater problem during the process of industry‐scale preparation of HSRPRs. We believed that the experimental findings would provide a new avenue for further study and application of HSRPRs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013 |
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| Keywords: | thermosets thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) |
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