论地下水运动规律及其研究方法

在长期实践中,指导人们研究地下水运动规律的最基本理论依据是达尔西定律.达尔西定律认为,渗流量与水头梯度成正比.然而,实践证明,渗流量的大小并不是直接决定于水头梯度,而是决定于地下水所受的作用.因此,直接反映地下水运动规律的定量函数应该是渗流量与其所受的作用量之间的关系函数.为了揭示地下水运动与其控制作用之间的关系规律,引入作用现象理论和作用的对立统一规律,进而建立了更为科学的地下水动力学理论.研究结果表明：渗流量的大小直接受虚作用量的大小控制（受孔隙度控制）,水头高度直接受实作用量的大小控制（受密实度控制）.

On the Movement of Groundwater and Its Research Methods

In the long-term practice,it is known that the most elementary theory basis to instruct people to study the law of motion of groundwanter is the Dulce law.The Dulce law believes that the seepage quantity and the flood peak gradient are proportional.However,practices prove that the size of seepage quantity is not directly decided by the flood peak gradient decision,but by the function received in the groundwater.Therefore,the quota function directly reflecting the law of motion of groundwater should be the relational function between the seepage quantity and the action it receives.In order to promulgate the relation between the groundwater movement and its control action,the function phenomenon theory and the function law of the unity of opposites are employed to establish the more scientific underground hydrodynamics theory.The findings indicate that the size of seepage quantity is directly controlled by the dimension of empty action（porosity control） and the head height directly controlled by the dimension of solid action（compactness control）.