乏燃料水池氢气风险分析和对策研究

福岛核事故暴露了乏燃料水池安全研究的不足，尤其是氢气风险评价方面的不足。根据IAEA及我国相关法规要求，应对核电厂乏燃料水池发生严重事故后的氢气风险进行评估，并对氢气风险的消除进行对策研究。本文采用MELCOR程序建立分析模型，计算研究了乏燃料水池严重事故下的事故进程和氢气产生与浓度分布，评价了厂内氢气风险并定量研究了氢气风险缓解措施。分析结果表明，氢气风险是存在的。对补水、喷淋、通风和氢气复合器等缓解氢气风险措施的研究表明，注水和喷淋是可完全消除氢气风险的，但通风和氢气复合器并不能完全消除氢气风险。消除乏燃料水池严重事故下氢气风险的重点应为保证补水措施有效，对此可提高补水措施的可靠性和阻止乏燃料水池的泄漏。

Hydrogen Risk Analysis and Strategy Research for Spent Fuel Pool

The problem of insufficient safety analysis for spent fuel pool was exposed after Fukushima accident ,especially the lack of hydrogen risk analysis .According to the requirement of IAEA and HAD code , the hydrogen risk of spent fuel pool after severe accidents should be evaluated and the strategy of elimination of hydrogen risk should be analyzed .In this work ,the MELCOR code was used to simulate the analyzing model ,calculate the sequence of the severe accident in spent fuel pool and the generation and distribution of hydrogen , evaluate the hydrogen risk and analyze the mitigating measures of hydrogen risk . T he results show that the hydrogen risk exists . T he analysis of mitigating measures for hydrogen risk , which includes water injection , spray , ventilation and hydrogen recombiners , indicates that the water injection and spray can eliminate hydrogen risk ,but the ventilation and hydrogen recombiners can’t eliminate hydrogen risk entirely .T hus ,the eliminating hydrogen risk of spent fuel pool after severe accidents should lay emphasis on the effective make‐up water ,which can be realized by improving the reliability of make‐up water and preventing the leakage of spent fuel pool .