白豆蔻精油超临界CO2萃取工艺优化及挥发性成分分析

以白豆蔻为原料，利用水蒸气蒸馏（SDE）法和超临界流体萃取（SFE）法提取白豆蔻精油。以萃取率为评价指标，采用单因素试验及正交试验优化萃取工艺，并采用气质联用（GC-MS）法分析两种提取方法所得白豆蔻精油的组成。结果表明，最佳萃取工艺条件为：萃取压力25 MPa、萃取温度50 ℃、CO2流量14 mL/min、提取时间4.0 h。在此优化条件下，SFE提取白豆蔻精油得率为6%，为SDE提取精油的1.5倍。GC-MS分析结果表明，共检出挥发性化合物158种，其中SDE和SFE提取精油中分别检出97种、111种，独有化合物分别有47种、61种，共有化合物有50种。两种提取方法所得精油的组成相似，主要成分有桉叶油醇、α-蒎烯、4-异丙基甲苯、顺式十五烯酸、棕榈酸等，但含量差异较大。结果表明SFE是提取白豆蔻精油的有效方法。

Optimization of supercritical CO2 extraction process and volatile component analysis of Amomum cardamomum essential oil

The essential oil of Amomum cardamomum was extracted by steam distillation extraction (SDE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Using extraction ratio as evaluation index, the extraction process was optimized by single factor test and orthogonal test, and the composition of A. cardamomum essential oil obtained by the two extraction methods was analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows: extraction pressure 25 MPa, temperature 50 ℃, CO2 flow rate 14 ml/min, and time 4.0 h. Under these optimized conditions, the yield of essential oil extracted from A. cardamomum by SFE was 6%, which was 1.5 times that of extracted by SDE. GC-MS analysis showed that a total of 158 volatile compounds were detected, including 97 and 111 essential oils extracted by SDE and SFE, 47 and 61 unique compounds, and 50 common compounds, respectively. The compositions of essential oils obtained by the two extraction methods were similar, including cineole, α-pinene, 4-isopropyl toluene, cis-pentadecenoic acid, palmitic acid, etc., but the contents were greatly different. The results showed that SFE was an effective method for extracting essential oil from A. cardamomum.